Squalane + Firm and Lift Dual Serum

The base most products are built on. It carries the other ingredients and has no safety concern.

A stable, saturated version of squalene, a lipid the skin already produces, now usually sourced from olives or sugarcane instead of shark liver. It is very well tolerated across skin types and helps reinforce the skin barrier.

A humectant that draws water into the skin. One of the best-studied, best-tolerated ingredients in personal care.

The sodium salt of benzoic acid, used as a preservative in both foods and cosmetics. Decades of safety review support its use at typical cosmetic concentrations, with mild irritation the main reported issue in sensitive skin.

A humectant that holds water at the skin surface for a more hydrated look. No safety concern.

A natural osmolyte produced by halophilic bacteria. Used for hydration and protective stress response, ectoin is well tolerated with emerging evidence for skin barrier support and soothing. No safety concerns flagged in cosmetic applications.

A widely used, gentle preservative also common in food. It is generally well tolerated, though it can occasionally cause mild, transient irritation in people with already-compromised or very reactive skin.

A widely used preservative, safe at the legal limit of 1% or less. Often the "paraben-free" replacement.

Used in tiny amounts to set a product to skin-friendly pH. No concern at those levels.

A gentle humectant derived from glucose. It draws water to the skin and is mild enough for sensitive skin types. Widely used in cosmetics without reported safety concerns.

A nutrient-dense plant oil rich in carotenoids and omega fatty acids, valued for skin conditioning and barrier support. Generally well tolerated, though as a botanical extract it carries the potential for contact allergies; users with sensitive skin or plant allergies may want to patch test.

A lightweight oil rich in oleic acid and antioxidants, sourced from the seeds of the moringa tree. It is well tolerated across skin types and commonly used in skincare formulas to soften and condition the skin.